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- $Unique_ID{BRK04201}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome}
- $Subject{Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome Rubinstein Syndrome Broad Thumbs and Great
- Toes, Characteristic Facies, Mental Retardation Broad Thumb-Hallux Syndrome
- Hallerman-Streiff-Francois Syndrome Bird-Headed Dwarf of Seckel Treacher
- Collins Syndrome }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1992 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
- Inc.
-
- 461:
- Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome)
- is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next
- page to find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders
- covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Rubinstein Syndrome
- Broad Thumbs and Great Toes, Characteristic Facies, Mental Retardation
- Broad Thumb-Hallux Syndrome
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Hallermann-Streiff-Francois Syndrome
- Bird-Headed Dwarf of Seckel
- Treacher Collins Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder usually recognizable
- at birth due to unusual facial features and abnormally wide thumbs and great
- toes. Mental retardation, small stature, excessive hair growth over the
- entire body (hirsutism), and various developmental abnormalities may occur.
- This disorder is not yet clearly distinguished from several other closely
- related disorders.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome is present at birth. Major symptoms include a
- beaked nose, abnormally small skull, a narrow, prominent forehead, and broad
- thumbs and great toes. The roof of the mouth (palate) is unusually high and
- narrow. The ears may be low-set and possibly abnormal in shape. Mental
- retardation may be present. Additional abnormalities which may be exhibited
- by some patients include excessive hairiness (hirsutism), abnormal curvature
- of the spine (scoliosis), undescended testicles and/or an angulated penis in
- males, and congenital heart disease. Eye defects may include blocked or
- missing tear ducts, and/or eyes not looking in the same direction
- (strabismus). A small, irregularly-shaped pelvis, kidney, and lung defects
- may also occur in some individuals.
-
- Feeding difficulties, respiratory problems, eye and ear infections,
- diarrhea, and chronic constipation are common occurrences. Regurgitation,
- vomiting, gagging, or choking are very common. With time, many patients with
- this disorder seem to outgrow these problems. Usually their health tends to
- improve greatly after approximately four or five years of age.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome is not known. Scientists
- believe it is inherited, although the exact mode of transmission has not yet
- been determined. It is possible that some cases may be caused by a genetic
- mutation affecting only one generation.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Since Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome was first described by Doctors Rubinstein and
- Taybi in 1963, more than 250 cases have been reported in the medical
- literature in the United States. According to one study, it may affect
- approximately one in 300 to 500 institutionalized persons with mental
- retardation in the United States. There is no estimate for the prevalence
- among non-institution patients. This disorder affects males and females in
- equal numbers.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Rubinstein-
- Taybi Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Hallermann-Streiff-Francois Syndrome, also known as Mandibulo-Oculofacial
- Dyscephaly, is a syndrome characterized by bony abnormalities of the skull
- (calvaria), face, and jaw. Patients have a bird-like face with a narrow,
- curved nose, and a variety of eye defects including abnormally small eyeballs
- (microphthalmia), abnormally small corneas, and cataracts. A congenital loss
- of hair (Alopecia Areata) and thinned or absent eyebrows may also occur.
- This disorder is also called congenital sutural alopecia, progeria (premature
- aging) with cataract or with microphthalmia, oculomandibulodyscephaly, or
- Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome. (For more information on this disorder, choose
- "Hallermann" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.
-
- Bird-Headed Dwarf of Seckel, also known as Nanocephaly, is a genetic
- disorder characterized by a low birth weight, a slender body, limited height,
- a beak-like nose, protrusion of the central face, receding chin, possible
- abnormalities of skin pigmentation, and excessive hair growth
- (hypertrichosis). Mental development rarely passes the five year old level,
- and males may have undescended testicles. (For more information on this
- disease, choose "Seckel" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Treacher Collins Syndrome, also known as Franceschetti-Zwahlen-Klein
- Syndrome or Mandibulofacial Dysostosis, is a genetic disorder marked by
- arrested development, and defective bone formation during the prenatal
- period. A bird-like or fish-like facial appearance may be accompanied by
- sunken cheek bones, a receding chin with a large wide mouth, low-set and
- possibly malformed ears, abnormal angle of the nose, abnormal tooth
- development, and prolongation of the hairline on the cheeks. Loss of
- hearing, fusion of joints in the limbs and spine, atrophy of thumbs and
- toes, possible mental retardation, and a defect of the lower eye lids
- (coloboma) may also occur. (For more information on this disorder, choose
- "Treacher" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome is symptomatic and supportive.
- Patients may benefit from services for mentally retarded individuals. Speech
- therapy, sign language lessons, or an alternative method of communication
- should be taught as soon as possible. Drugs or surgery may improve some
- associated symptoms. Antibiotics may be helpful to treat infections.
- Genetic counseling will be of benefit for patients and their families.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Rubinstein-Taybi Parent Support Group
- 414 E. Kansas
- Smith Center, KS 66967
- (913) 282-6237
-
- For case documentation of Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome patients:
-
- Jack H. Rubinstein, Director
- Cincinnati Center for Developmental Disorders
- Cincinnati, OH 45229-2899
-
- NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5133
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- RUBINSTEIN-TAYBI SYNDROME: FURTHER EVIDENCE OF A GENETIC AETIOLOGY: D.R.
- Gillies, et al.; Dev Med Child Neurol (December 1985, issue 27(6)). Pp. 751-
- 755.
-
- DOMINANT INHERITANCE OF A SYNDROME SIMILAR TO RUBINSTEIN-TAYBI: P
- Cotsirilos, et al.; Am J Med Genet (January 1987, issue 26(1)). Pp. 85-93.
-
- RUBINSTEIN-TAYBI SYNDROME IN THE NEONATE: R. Gambon, et al.; Helv
- Paediatr Acta (August 1984, issue 39(3)). Pp. 279-283.
-
-